编写基础应用模型

编写简单的应用模型

现在打开sxbweb文件夹下的应用模型文件models.py编辑基础的应用模型：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class ItemType(models.Model):
    type_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

class Item(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    blog_type = models.ForeignKey(ItemType, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    content = models.TextField()
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    last_update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

代码变更：
这里使用了VSCode进行代码编辑，之后的命令行代码均已VSCode中PowerShell的样式呈现。

初始化数据库

(sxb_env) PS C:\Users\xiaoxi\Desktop\sxb_env\sxb> python .\manage.py migrate

创建超级用户

(sxb_env) PS C:\Users\xiaoxi\Desktop\sxb_env\sxb> python .\manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'xiaoxi'): xiaoxi
Email address: xiao-xi@example.com
Password: 
Password (again):
This password is too short. It must contain at least 8 characters.
This password is entirely numeric.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y
Superuser created successfully.

注册应用

打开项目设置文件，在其中注册应用sxbweb，其位于：C:\Users\xiaoxi\Desktop\sxb_env\sxb\sxb\settings.py:

...
# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'sxbweb', # 注册应用
]
...

创建迁移文件

(sxb_env) PS C:\Users\xiaoxi\Desktop\sxb_env\sxb> python .\manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'sxbweb':
  sxbweb\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model ItemType
    - Create model Item

接下来将迁移文件同步至数据库：

(sxb_env) PS C:\Users\xiaoxi\Desktop\sxb_env\sxb> python .\manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, sxbweb
Running migrations:
  Applying sxbweb.0001_initial... OK

自定义后台

自定义应用的后台显示表单，打开C:\Users\xiaoxi\Desktop\sxb_env\sxb\sxbweb\admin.py:

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import ItemType, Item

@admin.register(ItemType)
class ItemTypeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('id', 'type_name')

@admin.register(Item)
class ItemAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title', 'id', 'author', 'item_type')

启动本地服务

输入以下命令以启动调试用的Django本地服务：

(sxb_env) PS C:\Users\xiaoxi\Desktop\sxb_env\sxb> python .\manage.py runserver

现在可以看到如下的返回信息：

Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
January 12, 2021 - 23:06:14
Django version 3.1.5, using settings 'sxb.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

打开 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin 即可访问该应用管理页面。